Jamaica Sugar level【Liu Yuanfang】Chronicles of Huang An Academy
[Liu Yuanfang] Chronicles of Huang’an Academy
Author: Liu Yuanfang
Source: “Hometown Reading Club” WeChat public account
Time: Confucius 257 Bingchen, the eighth day of the second lunar month of the third year of Guimao
Jesus February 27, 2023
Academies are private or official gatherings for lectures The place of training has played an important role in teaching traditional knowledge and cultivating talents for imperial examinations. In the 42nd year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1563), Huangzhou Prefecture was divided into three counties: Huanggang, Macheng and Huangpi, and Huang’an County was established (renamed Hong’an in 1952). After the establishment of the county, with the promotion of local scholars and official support, several academies were successively established in the territory to provide local cultural education and Jamaica Sugar Daddy The customs of scholars had an important impact, and the land of Fufu gradually became a simple area.
According to the “Hubei General Chronicle·School Chronicle” of the Republic of China, there were 156 schools in Hubei during the Qing Dynasty, including 40 in Huangzhou Prefecture, ranking first among Hubei prefectures. First; Huang’an County has 7 academies, ranking second in Huangzhou Prefecture. According to the author’s incomplete statistics, in the three hundred years since Huang’an was established as a county to the early years of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, there were a total of 54 Jinshi and 214 Juren. Although the number is not as high as that of famous cultural and educational areas such as Huanggang and Macheng, it exceeds the number of people in the province. Night County. These Jinshi candidates should be trained mostly in Confucianism, but the academies also played a major role.
Based on historical materials and historical sites, we now make a summary of Huang’an’s academy in order to pay tribute to the ancestors and hope to contribute to the current civilization construction of Hong’an.
Donglong Academy
Donglong Academy can be The first relatively famous academy in Huang’an County was built by Wu Xinxue.
Wu Xinxue, nicknamed Shaoyu, was from Taixian. The year of birth and death is unknown. In the fourth year of Wanli (1576), Geng was demoted and abandoned his post and returned to his hometown (1524-1596). In the sixth year, he became a widower. Ju Lao’s father lived in Longwanzhuang and did not want to be an official. Geng’s father “asked Wu Xinxue and Fang Yifeng, two old friends, to enjoy the rest of his life, and I left with tears in my eyes.” It can be seen from this that Wu and Geng were roughly contemporaries. Jamaicans Sugardaddy
武Jamaica Sugar Daddy His family background is farming, but he is not interested in worldly affairs and only wants to study the learning of Confucius and Mencius. Simashan is governed in the cityAbout eight miles to the south, on the left side of the tunnel to the south of the city, he was either crying (being wronged) or looking miserable (a poor refugee with no food). How could a woman cry when she was sad and desperate? Gao Qianqiu Two hundred meters, the solitary mountain rises, with huge rocks crisscrossing it, like buildings and houses, which is quite spectacular. It is named because there are rocks like horses. In the Ming Dynasty, famous scholars such as Geng Dingxiang, Zhou Sijing and Li Zhi left ink and stone carvings on the mountains, some of which still exist today. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, “horse-like mountains and heavy mountains” were one of the “Eight Scenic Spots of Huang’an”. Wu Yanchang, a native of the city, wrote the poem “Like a Horse Mountain” to describe its extraordinary beauty:
Like a horse, it is really like a horse, and the spirit of the mountain is particularly heroic.
He raises his head to doubt the whistling moon, and spreads his feet to chase the wind.
Whoever has great power can achieve great success.
If you meet Bole, you will be empty in the morning.
Wu Xin is obsessed with learning and wants to find a good place to practice quiet. He falls in love with Mount Shima, which is not far from home. He led his disciples Jamaicans Escort to dig a path into the mountain, brushed away the turf and pine needles, and saw a text on the stone. I don’t know who left it. The stone carvings are peeling off and withered, and one sentence can be vaguely discerned, which reads, “It’s like a dragon emerging from a cave in Ma Mountain.” This is where the name of the academy comes from.
Wu Xinxue chose a strange place in the mountains to lean against rocks as walls, cut wood into beams, build a simple house, and moved in with his luggage and books, where he studied quietly. Scholars from far and near came to learn from him. There was a thunderstorm all night, the lightning was like fire, and the sound was shocking. He got up in the morning and pushed the door open, and found that the stone wall next to the house was split open by thunder, forming a huge cave. So he followed the current and moved the house slightly. After the reform, it was integrated with the stone cave, and the interior was divided into bedrooms, study rooms, and kitchen rooms, each of which was relatively independent. After such an overhaul, the reading environment has been greatly improved. The Neo-Confucian scholar Hu Zhi (1517-1585, named Lushan) was transferred from Sichuan Academic Affairs to Huguang, where he observed Huang An and listened to the heart In the name of learning, he went to the mountain to visit accompanied by local officials, and personally wrote “Donglong Bookstore” on his forehead as a sign of encouragement.
Soon, Wu Xinxue temporarily entrusted the academy to his mentors and managers, and he embarked on a study tour with one or two disciples, traveling to almost all parts of the north and south, observing the scenery and interacting with Scholars from all walks of life discussed with each other and collected hundreds of volumes of private books. After returning, he redoubled his efforts in lecturing and cultivating talents. It is said that when Li Zhi lived in Huang’an, he also stayed in his academy temporarily and wrote books.
Wu Xinxue fell ill due to his hard work. In the 18th year of Wanli (1590), his illness worsened and he made a will, as follows:: “I may die soon, but I have no regrets in this life. After my death, all the things in it will be distributed to the poor but good students among my disciples.” His learning is based on learning from the bottom to the top, and teaches people to take matters into their own hands. For this. Fan has lived in the mountains for twenty years and has always been in the city. In his later years, he selected his articles and compiled them into “Donglong Collection”, and scholars called him Mr. Donglong.
Tianwo Academy
Tianwo Academy is also known as Tianwo Mountain House, located in Wuyun Mountain, twenty miles south of the city, was where Geng Dingxiang and his friends and descendants studied. Wuyun Mountain has towering green mountains, clear springs and valleys, making it a scenic spot in the city. In the past, there were two mountains in the “Eight Scenic Spots of Huang’an”, namely “Five Cloud Layers Pagoda” and “Shiyan Youxun”. “Meandering from the top of the mountain to the west, there are mountains together, like a nest, so it is called Tianwo. The woods in the nest are lush, and the stone springs boil out, with an area of about ten acres. There are mountains like a screen in the north of the nest, and mountains in the west It’s like a cover, so even if it’s cold in winter, the new wind can’t invade it, and even if it’s midsummer, the flames can’t be so fierce.” (Geng Dingxiang’s “Tianwo Sheng General Notes”) Those who know it say that it is high and can be contained, quiet and can open up, and can be used anywhere. It can be used as a home, suitable for any time. Tianwo not only has an academy, but also a ground floor studio, and the environment is quiet, so there are people living here all year round.
It is difficult to determine when Tianwo Academy was founded. When Geng Dingxiang was 24 years old, he “led his descendants to study in Zhuzhuang and built Shen Dulou”. The following year, he and his old friend Peng (also known as Gongfu) studied in Gaosuntang Temple. In the 30th year of Jiajing’s reign (1551), he was 28 years old. In the summer of that year, he moved to Tianwo Monk’s House from Shen Dulou. From this point of view, the work of the academy should be after this.
Sun Ying’ao (1527-1586), an old friend of Geng’s and a famous thinker in the Ming Dynasty, tried to write “Ode to Tianwo Academy”, which revealed an important message, that is, at first Geng was just a A simple house was built in the mountains, “the bridal chamber of Zizhi was opened, the valley of Baiyun was opened, the name of Xijue was different, it was named Tianwo, and the disciples were called Jamaicans Sugardaddy talks about morality and invites celebrities to sing songs.” Later, the source of things, their mother and son. Although their daily life and so on are all trivial, it is a timely rain for her and the newly arrived Caixiu and Caiyi, because only the kitchen “has the envoys Ruquan Zhaozi and Nianting Shuzi to order the county officials to prepare.” He worked with materials and dovetails, created couplets and built pavilions… He used extravagant viewing and leisurely play, but in fact he showed himself to be a sage and consulted to learn.” It can be seen that Tianwo Academy was actually funded by the county government. In the sixth year of Longqing’s reign (1572), Zhao Xian (named Ruquan) was promoted from Zhejiang’s Inspection Envoy to the censor of Qiandu, and he patrolled Huguang. Shu Nianting’s life is unknown, and it is unknown whether he served as censor, but he also served as governor of Huguang. As Geng Xiangxiang’s old friends, they requested that a school be built for Geng Xiangxiang, and the local government should obey. When the academy was expanded, it was not long after the sixth year of Longqing (at that time, Geng Xiangxi was living in the countryside JM Escorts), because Wanli threeZhao Xian was recalled to the capital in 1775. After that, although he assisted in the affairs of the Metropolitan Procuratorate and served as deputy censor of the capital, he would not have taken notice of Huang Anyi’s order for this trivial matter.
The “Historic Sites” category of the geography volume of Huang’an County in Kangxi also contains: “Tianwo Academy, that is, Tianwo Shanfang… Geng Gonggong’s Jian is also the place where Zhongzi Ziyong lectures.” “When Geng Dingxiang was an official abroad, his younger brother Geng Dingli (1534-1584) was in charge of Tianwo Academy. Although he spent his life lecturing to common people, he had a unique affinity with Neo-Confucianism and his reputation spread far and near. “At that time, domestic sects such as Bibulang XuyiluoJamaica Sugar Rufang, Taihe, Hu Zhi’an, and Anfu Zou Shan all came to the place. And for a while Those who follow each other day and night and teach tirelessly are Peng Gong Donggutai, Jiao Gong Ruohou Hong, Huang Gongshou Fenyanshi, Geng Gongzi Jiandingli, Wu Gongjing’an Guoning, Lu Sixinzhaitingchi, Zhou Gong Liutang Sijiu (for a long time) , Lu Gongqin’s father, Yao Chen, Geng Gong Ji Tong Yingheng, who was hiding in his heart, and his disciple Lu Sifeng also came to Anhui to inquire and travel with Gongjian… Li Zhi lived in Wenling in his hometown, and wrote “BurnJamaica Sugar DaddyBook”, “Zangshu” and “Sustained Book” are half-completed during this period.”
Luo Rufang, Zou Shan, Zhou Sijiu (Jiu), and He Xinyin mentioned above were either nationally famous scholars or local celebrities. Some of them later became prominent officials, such as Geng Dingli, Zhou Sijiu, etc. Those who lead the national trend or do shocking things, such as Li Zhi, He Xinyin, etc. It was precisely because of the presence of such figures that Huang’an was once known as an important town of Neo-Confucianism. It was said that “only Chu has talents, and Chu is also in Huang”JM EscortsReputation.
The Kangxi County Chronicle also records: “Zhong Gong Qingyanxiu from Houyi studied here and became a Jinshi.” According to Zhongxiu’s courtesy name Xiuyu, he was a Jinshi in Renchen (1652) of Shunzhi. Official Hanzhong magistrate. This proves that in the early Qing Dynasty, Tianwo Academy was still a place for scholars to study.
Stone Forest Woodcutter Cave
The “historic sites” category of the geography volume of Tongzhi’s “Huang’an County Chronicle” includes Shilin Qiaodong and Shilin Shanfang respectively. The former “is located twenty miles southeast of the city. , in which Qin Zhenqiao andSeventeen of his companions came from Geng Gong’s writing and teaching place. The latter was “twenty miles away from the city, Geng Gongjian’s reading and teaching place.” A closer look revealed that the name is different but the reality is the same. It should be built by Qin Zhenqiao, the leader of the Qin Dynasty, who gathered people to give lectures. Department, its leader is Geng Dingli (1541-1607), Geng Dingli’s third brother, named Zijian, nicknamed Shutai, Jinshi in the fifth year of Longqing in the Ming Dynasty (1571), head of the Ministry of Government and Industry, prefect of Chengdu, and Youqian. He was the censor of the capital and the minister of the Ministry of War in Nanjing. After his death, he was given the title of Shangshu. He visited Shilinqiao Cave and wrote “Ode to Shilinqiao Cave”, praising the place’s strangeness and wonder, and praising Geng Dingzhi’s contribution to the countryside. Lu Chunhua, a local, also wrote a poem about Shilinqiao Cave. Cloud:
I visit the Woodcutter beside the Stone Forest Temple, and there is a secluded path leading to the entrance of the cave. The tombs of the two dynasties are thought of as lingering winds. Yufu thought the road back was slippery, so he headed eastward to Ziyun.
The Stone Forest Woodcutter Cave had long been found in its location. Based on its name, it was speculated that it should be in a cluster of huge rocks in the mountains, or somewhere. Similar to Donglong Academy, it is a simple house built against a stone cave. The two characters “Qiao Dong” are engraved on the stone wall. It was written by Jiao Hong, a famous scholar in the Ming Dynasty and the number one scholar in the Wanli Palace Examination in the 17th year.
Zhenqiao’s name was Yifeng, and his courtesy name was Yingtai. Among the eighteen sons of Shilin, besides Qin Yifeng, there were Geng Dingshi Ziyi, Liu Tingjian Guozhong, Guo Zuocaiqing, Qin Sijun Zhongqing, Geng Dingxiao Ziming, Wu Yuan learned from Confucius, Zhang Siwei Maoxin, Qin Dexiu Wen Daofu, Hu Chucai Dafu, Liu Fulaiqing, Qin Sitong Ruiqing, Zhao Renboheng, Geng Dingze Zixian, Ma Fengyang Jieshi, Geng Dingji Zixiu, Geng Rulin Suqing, Xiong Jukejiye Most of the above people have the surname Geng and Qin, both of whom have the surname Huang An. They live together in Chengguan and the south of the city, and have been married for generations. Geng Dingji, Ming Jing, has a family tree, and is related to Dingxiao and Dingze. Directional Caixiu had no choice but to catch up and call the lady honestly, “Miss, madam asked you to stay in the yard all day and not to leave the yard. “The same clan and generation, Geng Rulin is his son and nephew. Zhao Ren, also known as Bo Heng, served his father with utmost respect and was listed in the “Filial Friend” category of the “Personal Chronicles” of the county annals. Geng Dingli wrote “Preface to the Short Biographies of the Eighteen Sons of Limen”, which states: “It’s just that Master Huang An (referring to his uncle’s direction) lived a devoted life. Every time I speak with the same voice, I can respond thousands of miles away. The trickle of soil also helps to deepen my understanding. It is near the water and close to the mountains, especially the mountains and seas. There are righteous people in Lu, so I am willing to take it here. I am not a native of Si, so who can take it from me? …Yuan took the eighteen disciples from the inner sect and described their words and deeds, each in a short biography. Knowing the big and the small, there is no way out; whoever destroys will be praised, I have not tried…”
Diaotai Bookstore
Diaotai Bookstore is the teaching place of “Eighth Master” Geng Ting-li. Diaotai is located about seven miles south of the city. It is located on Weiji River, “the cliff is scattered and high. The water is pouring, and the shrubs and branches intersect to provide cover.” BookstoreIt was built in accordance with the situation and the situation. Geng Dingli regarded Yan Ziling as a commoner and admired him as a person, so he named his bookstore “Diaotai”. “Diaoji Fishing Boat” was one of the “Eight Scenic Spots of Huang’an”.
Lan Yuhua waited for a while, unable to wait for any of his movements, so she had no choice but to let herself break the awkward atmosphere, walked up to him and said: “Husband, let my concubine change it for you. Clothes
The four Geng brothers, Ji Di Dingyu, are almost unknown, but the three brothers Botai, Zhongtai and Shutai are all famous. Botai Dingli and Shutai Dingli are both prominent officials and academics. Although Zhongtai Theorem is well-known among ordinary people, it is due to the recommendation of his eldest brother that Geng Dingxiang is famous for Neo-Confucianism, and the key points of the Theorem are well-known throughout the country. Many scholars returned home, and famous Neo-Confucian scholars such as Luo Hongxian, Lu Guangzu, and He Xinyin (Liang Ruyuan) visited Diaotai.
At that time, many Confucian scholars in the country were proud of their knowledge of theorems. Li Zhi ranked eighth among his peers in the family, and everyone respected him as the “Eighth Master”. Li Zhi learned about Theorem in Nanjing and discussed with him. He was greatly appreciated and later resigned and lived in seclusion in Huang’an. Because Theorem was there and Theorem died, Li Zhi felt deeply lonely and helpless, so he moved to Macheng.
In the 41st year of Jiajing reign (1562), Geng Dingxiang was appointed as the inspector of schools in Nanjing from the censor of Gansu. In the winter of that year, he began to inspect the prefectural capital of the school until the first year of Longqing ( 1567) Xia was promoted to the post of Cheng Fangzhi of the Yousi Temple of Dali Temple. During this period, he recognized many talented people and won a lot of people. Hu Shangzhi was elected as the magistrate of Huang’an County. At that time, Geng Xiangzhi had passed away eight years ago. He did not forget the kindness of his ancestors and made a special trip to his home to express condolences to his relatives and discuss knowledge with his descendants. He then sighed: Mr. Guxiang. There is no need to sacrifice, but my teacher is concerned about his future!
Hu Shangzhi was in office for five years, but he was unable to manage the city well. Before leaving office, he was determined to do well. He built an academy to commemorate his late master. He raised funds from various sources, built three houses in the east of the city, and placed a statue of Geng Dingzhi in it. Three lecture halls were built, with one room on the left and one room on the left, as a place for scholars from far away. There were 20 copies of the bookstore, which were used as a place for Confucian scholars to study. He also bought dozens of acres of land to pay for memorial ceremonies and lectures, and built two temples for Nizi and Jiefu on the east and west sides of the academy. Hu Shangzhi wrote to Geng Dingzhi’s proud disciple Jiao Hong to write a memorial to him. A special temple was built at the foot of Qingliang Mountain in Nanjing to commemorate Geng Dingxiang. He spared no efforts in worshiping his ancestor and was happy to see its success, so he happily approved the construction of the academy in memory of Geng Dingxiang. It is named after its name “Taiwan”. Some people mistakenly think that Taitai Academy is in Taitai Mountain and go to the mountain to look for its ruins.
Jiangru Social Studies
Jiangru Social Studies was founded by Wu Hua, a native of the city. All the friends in the society, such as Su Guangzhe and others, were all outstanding figures for a while, among whom Wu Hua and Geng Ruyu were the most outstanding ones.
Wu Hua, whose courtesy name was Dunzhi and whose nickname was Quluo. His experience is quite legendary. He was born with a precocious intelligence, and he was appreciated by his disciples and ignored his differences, but he was often trapped in the house. In the 16th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1588), he once again took part in the provincial examination. He had already abandoned it for his fellow examiners, and was about to fail again. Suddenly a gust of wind blew his paper to the examiner’s desk. The examiner took it and saw it. If you are surprised, you will be ranked first (Jie Yuan). This examiner is Feng Qi, a famous minister of the generation. Feng Qi (1559-1603) became a Jinshi at the age of 20 and was promoted to Minister of Rites. He served twice as the examiner of the provincial examination, once as the co-examiner of the national examination, and once as the examiner of the national examination, and selected countless talented people. In the year of Wuhua Township Examination, Feng Qishi was the chief examiner. In the twenty-third year of Wanli (1599), Wu Hua went to Beijing for an examination. At that time, the examination of literary arts focused on craftsmanship. If one was poor in craftsmanship, he would be dismissed and have no hope of advancement. And Jamaica SugarDong Qichang was a co-examiner of the joint examination that year. He was different from others in selecting scholars. He emphasized both craftsmanship and argumentation. But as two, each adds its own characteristics, and then the three are combined and then collected.” Wu Hua performed abnormally in the first performance and had a premonition that he was about to fail. However, Dong Qichang read his argument and said, “It is a great surprise, and he must be a scholar in the world.” Without hesitation, Wu Hua’s fate reversed again. It is a pity that he was naturally honest and disdainful of flattery, so his official career was not smooth, and he was only in charge of the Ministry of Rites.
Before Wu Hua failed to win the election, he contacted three or five old friends, formed a friendship with Jiang Ru Society to strengthen each other, and invited Geng Ruyu to join the society to build momentum. Geng Ruyu (1548-1617), courtesy name Keming and nickname Guyu, was the son of Geng Dingxiang. He happily approved it and wrote the “Preface to Jiangru Society” to record the event. The article began by saying: “In the past, Confucius deleted his poems and left out Chu. The speaker said that there were no poems in Jingman, so they were not recorded. However, Jiangtuo, Ru, and Han are not Chu. Look, Hu Die saw Zhu Zhou Zhao Ernan? The traces were recorded by Zhi Ernan, and the words were not embellished with mountains and rivers, so the sparse ones said “Zhou Nan” in the Book of Songs. The place where the two parts of the poem “Zhaonan” came from and the meaning of “Ernan” have always been controversial. Zhu Xi said in “The Biography of the Collection of Poems”: “The state of Zhou was originally located in the Yangtze River of Qishan in the territory of Yongzhou, Yugong… so Dehua became a great success. Within, the kingdoms in the south, between Jiangtuo, Ruhan and Han Dynasty, all followed the transformation.” He speculated: “The countries they gained were mixed with the poems of the southern countries, and they were called Zhounan. //jamaica-sugar.com/”>Jamaicans Sugardaddy” In other words, Jiang and Ru have also been influenced by kings for a long time, and their civilization has spread, and they also have poetry. Geng Ruyu actually adopted the opinions of Zhu Xi and others, intending to explain that “Jiang Ru is the domain of civilization” and has a poetic tradition. Today, Wu Dunzhi and othersForming a society and promoting literature is an act that has inherited the trend. Looking at his words, his expectations are deep and far-reaching.
It was probably not only for socializing with fellow students, but also for practicing writing. He took part in the provincial examination and failed repeatedly, so he gave up his intention to become an official and closed his home to write books, including “The Age of Geng”, “Self-Entertainment Chapter”, “Ziyi Chapter”, “Siliucao”, “Zhidaocao” and “Yu Chong Kao”. , especially good at calligraphy, and wrote “Yun Hui Lei Bian”. After his father passed away, the family fell into financial difficulties. Geng Ruyu abandoned his writings and managed his property. In less than twenty years, the number reached one hundred thousand. After Ruyu’s death, Geng Dingli asked, “If you have something to say, why did you hesitate to say it?” In order to commemorate his cousin, Zi Rumin asked Jiao Hong to write a preface to his “Jiangrushe Manuscript”, which he published in the forty-sixth year of Wanli (1618). ) pay engraving. Cheng Zizhong (also known as Renfu), another member of Jiangru Society, also has a collection of poems and essays with the same name.
Peach Blossom Academy
Peach Blossom Academy, Yi Zhizai Built by the Wang family in Shahe, there is an ancient pagoda from the Song Dynasty on the back mountain, now called the Peach Blossom Pagoda. The academy was probably built by the Wang family for the education of the younger generations of the family.
The “Historic Sites” category of Tongzhi’s “Huang’an County Chronicle” records: “Taohua Town is located thirty miles south of the city. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, this was a tunnel with a sconce on it, and each house looked at it. There is a pagoda built in the Song Dynasty. There is Taohua Cave in the east of the town, which is the hometown of Longqiu layman. The layman is named Fangshanzi Chen Jichang. Su Zizhan visited it three times. The poem, the bookstore may be the Peach Blossom Academy, the poem goes:
The beautiful clouds are thousands of deep white clouds, all of which are smoothed by Liu Lang’s hands.
Speechless is the way to stay silent, and you can understand people when you meet them with a happy smile.
The spring scenery of Yuxi is still like that of the Qin Dynasty, and there are Han people in Hufan Xiantai.
I heard that the star spirit made the rain fall, so why did I edict the Yuheng God?
Qin Guangxu, a Jinshi in the Wuchen period of the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty (1808), wrote “Peach Blossom Academy Jamaicans SugardaddyAutumn Shishi” poem says: “The mountain at the entrance of Peach Blossom Cave is abrupt, and books are temporarily suspended during the Mid-Autumn Festival. Most of the returnees stay and few stay. Drinking in the empty mountain invites the bright moon…” The academy should be not far from the entrance of Peach Blossom Cave.
Peach Blossom Academy was lost when it was first built, and its duration is unknown. Wu Hua lived in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty Jamaica Sugar Daddy, so the Taohua Academy should have been built no later than that time, and the Academy in the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty Still there.
Ziqi Biyeye
Ziqi Biyeye is outside the south gate of the county , take Zhuang Zhou NanguoZiqi, which means Ziqi, was built by Lu Yaochen, a Jinshi in the Ming Dynasty.
Lu Yaochen was given the courtesy name Zanxun and his nickname Qinfu. Young and smart, he knows the Five Classics. He was able to write at the age of eight, and at the age of thirteen he was a supplementary disciple and had a good diet. The weak crown ascended to the virtuous book, and he became a Jinshi in the thirty-eighth year of Wanli (1610). He once served as county magistrate of Yidu (now Qingzhou, Shandong) and co-examiner of Shandong Township Examination. Later, he became an official and lived in seclusion, giving lectures to his disciples until he died at the age of 75. He worshiped the local sages.
Those who studied under Lu Yaochen are mostly descendants of the Lu family, such as his sons Lurdun (Zhizhou), Lu Erheng (Biejia), Lur Erzhen (Juren), Lurti (En) Gong), Lu Eryun, his nephew Lu Zhimao (Shunzhi Suigong, Si Xun), Lu Erxun (literary), etc. are all. There are also Guanglu Wu Jishu (Shi Shen), Xiaolian Liu Yongji (Zhizhen), Jinshi Wu Xiqi (Zhizhen), literature Yao Desheng, Yao Ciguan, Liu Keji, Lu Shuqing and others, all of whom were outstanding at the time. Lu Yaochen’s “Three Immortal Collections”, “Fu Zaohua Feng”, “Qian Ji Ying Feng”, “Zhan Zhan Yan”, “You Yecao”, etc. were all written here. Poems and essays such as “Secretary of the Industry”, “Nanyoucao”, “Catching the Knife” and “Hundred Rhymes on the Return” written by famous people in the city are also reviewed here.
Xunfang has a drink
Xunfang has a drink , Lu Erdun discussed poetry and literature with Ai Qianzi, Wang Ziyun, Chen Wozi, Luo Wenzhi and other famous scholars.
Luldun, whose courtesy name is Yichong and whose name is Yitian. The son of Yao Chen. He had lost his reputation early, and at the end of Chongzhen, he was awarded the title of magistrate of Bazhou by a virtuous, simple and straightforward man. “At that time, thieves were ravaging the country, and the public guarded strictly and served the people well. The public saw that there was a tall figure among the thieves, so he guarded and cleaned up. He knew that the thieves were extraordinary, and he was caught in the fire weapon. He fell off his horse and revived. It turned out that the bandit commander Zhang Xianzhong also captured more than a thousand people. The thieves retreated in embarrassment. After reporting victory in Chengdu, Yang Ge’s Sichang promoted Chengdu’s deputy envoy to the army at a low price, and finally got JM Escorts soldiers to fight against the thieves. Killing the barbarians is useless. “As the county chronicle said, Zhang Xianzhong, a great hero of the generation, almost lost his life at his hands. No matter what, the soldiers were exhausted, the food supplies were exhausted, and the city fell. Lu Erdun Shang led his troops to fight in the streets, and died of hundreds of wounds. Later, he worshiped the local sages. He has two sons: Chang Sheng Ci, who serves as the Songyang Order; Second Chun Ci, who is born in Xiang County.
Aoshan Academy
Aoshan Academy is located on the west side of the county seat. In Xu, the mountains are as tall as a turtle. The land faces a thoroughfare at its back and a large river in front of it (now where Hong’an No. 2 Middle School faces the Nanmen River). The first three couplets are titled “Zhifu Zhang Gongfu Academy”, and the first three couplets are titled “Prefect Wang Gongfu Academy” to commemorate the two local officials who contributed to the construction of the academy.
Zhang Guozhu, whose courtesy name was Shi Gong and whose name was Keyan, was from Liaodong. In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1682), he was appointed Huang Anling. The government should be tolerant and level-headed, and it should not be punished for defeat, and the payment of fees should be reduced to corvee. It should be based on officials and not be harsh on the people. “Everything you create will be donated to the Qing Dynasty.”
In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi (1688), the army was reduced, and “Xia FengLong Chang rebelled against Huicheng. Li Zonghu, a bad boy, Huang Gongjiu, a traitor, and others, who were known as public officials (national pillars), colluded with the flood soldiers and attacked the city with false propaganda, causing all the people to flee. The public pretended to ask for help because of his seal, and ran with the crowd, stationed at Dagudun, gathered the volunteers, and went into the city to capture and suppress them. The corpses were piled up like a pile, and the rest of the party was safe. “After hearing about the incident, he was commended for his merits in the Xianxian and was reinstated for nine years. The scholars and the people admired him and never changed his mind. “The poems were praised and recited, and the poems were published in the Xuanxuan. The stone statue of Nanji Temple was first erected, and then the academy and Wenchang Pavilion were built to worship. One office is in Macheng and two offices are in Huangpi, both of which have political voices. “In the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi (1696), Zhang Guozhu was promoted to the governor of Jiangzhou in Ning.
Wang Fu, whose birth and death are unknown, was given the courtesy name Yuan Gong. He was a native of Pingpinglanlan Banner in Qing Dynasty. In the 27th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1688), he was appointed as the magistrate of Huangzhou. In the same year, he presided over the spring festival of Chang Wenjin Academy and donated money to repair the academy palace. In the 29th year, he wrote “Eternal Jinliang” and made a plaque dedicated to the academy. He allocated official land to rent money to make up for the academy’s lack of funds, and wrote the “Academy Field Stele”
He Tong and other students from Yi Middle School studied in Aoshan Academy. Tongzhong Jinshi, Qin Zhi, Wu Hongchu, Zhong Yingxun, Lu Ji, Wang Luan, Lu Shou, Jamaicans Escort Lu Gong As Gongsheng students, Geng Zongkun, Geng Xingxing, Lu Hunzi, Lu Nuanci, Geng Zhen, Jamaicans Sugardaddy Zhong Yingyan and Lu Yuci were literary scholars. Yu Guozhu, a bachelor of the Wuying Palace of the Qing Dynasty and the Minister of Household Affairs, Zhou Shihuang, the censor of the imperial censor, Zhang Xiliang, and Zhou Guogou, the minister of the city, successively wrote poems or prefaces on the wall to praise the achievements of Zhang Guozhu and Wang Fu. The beauty and legacy are in the human heart.
Yuntai Academy
Yuntai Academy is located in Yuntai Mountain on the other side of the river south of the city (one of the “Three Terraces” in Huang’an). In the 35th year of his term (1696), he came to annihilate thieves and hoe the strong, love the people and put an end to lawsuits. He built a school palace, taught scholars, and compiled county annals. He came to office in March and rebuilt the county office and dug two springs. Because of the “Double Spring” pattern, “Guange Shuangquan” was the first among the “Eight Scenic Spots of Huang’an”
Xianhu AcademyJM Escorts
Xianhu Academy is the county magistrate Zhang Cong. Aoshan Academy was rebuilt on its foundation JM Escorts. Zhang Cong was born in Xianhu County, Yunnan Province in the 53rd year of Kangxi (171).4) Visit. He was of a free and unrestrained nature, and used Confucianism as his official duties. He tried to use Aofeng Pavilion as a shooting garden. The academy is located under the Aofeng Pavilion in the west corner of the county, and it strangles the water mouth of the city. It was soon damaged by the river water.
Cuiying Academy
It was built by Duan Shaoxing, the magistrate of the county. Peng Ruiman and Dai Jiong followed. Duan was a member of Tangshan County, Zhili Province, and was appointed magistrate of Huang’an County in the 13th year of Emperor Yongzheng’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1735). Peng Ruiman was born in Dan County, Sichuan Province, and was appointed in the 13th year of Qianlong’s reign (1748). He pays attention to the people’s plight, and in his spare time, he takes his children and rides on donkeys to inspect the people’s conditions, and accumulates good governance to win the favor of the people. Dai Jiong was born in Xiangtan County, Hunan. His father fled Shaoshan and became Mao’s son-in-law. In the second year of Qianlong’s reign (1737), Shaoshan Mao was the first to compile the genealogy and asked him to write a preface. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong’s reign (1750), Dai Jiong was appointed magistrate of Huang’an County. Three magistrates and ministers built lecture halls with five couplets one after another, and another with five couplets, which served as a place for students and students to study. In the 24th year of Qianlong’s reign (1760), Lin Guanglu, the county magistrate, built two more floors on the right side of the lecture hall, each with five couplets.
In the 30th year of Qianlong’s reign, Li Shirui, a member of Lingui County, Guilin Prefecture, Guangxi, came to take office. He came out of his car and paid attention to culture and education. At that time, the academy was gradually declining and there was no money to repair it. There was no owner of Shiquankou Temple, and the local natives were fighting for property and filing lawsuits. Li Shirui awarded the temple land to the academy and appointed a gentleman to take charge of it. The properties were used as funds for annual repairs. In the thirty-fourth year, the front building was built with five couplets, a front door, a front wall, and five private side rooms were purchased as a studio. In August of the following year, the major renovation was completed, and Lu Xu, a famous local figure, wrote an inscription to show his virtue.
Cuiying Academy was destroyed and renovated many times. In the 21st year of Jiaqing (1816), Lin Jinyuan, a member of Nanhai County in Guangdong, came to take office and hired Lu Xu as its lecturer. In the second year of Daoguang (1822) ), Lin was still in office and majored in Huang’an County Chronicles that year. In the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), Zhu Xishou, a scholar from Zhenyang County, Jiangsu Province, came to take office. The academy was rebuilt the following year, still under the name of “Cuiying”, and he wrote an essay to record the event.
Aofeng Villa
Under the Aofeng Pavilion The original Xianhu Academy has been in ruins for a long time. In the twenty-fourth year of Daoguang’s reign (1844), Xu Gengzao, a member of Zhejiang Province, took office. Xu Yinglie has made great achievements, and the people admire him. In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), Xu ordered the reconstruction of Aofeng Academy, with five couplets in the main building, three in the front and two in the left and right. After the completion, it was renamed Yi.
The above-mentioned academies are either located in cities or on the outskirts of cities. In deserted villages and remote areas, it is difficult to hear the teachings.
The Geng Gong Jian Temple is not an academy, but it is also a place for lectures and is officially sponsored, so it is specially introduced. The ancestral hall is located outside the Xuegong. The county magistrate Li Wenfang requested it to be built specifically to honor Geng Dingxiang. Li Wenfang, a Jinshi in Mianzhou, Sichuan, came to the post in the 23rd year of Wanli (1595). He was “strong and strict, and the people did not dare to violate it. However, the Qing Dynasty Fu Ji and the chaste husband Ma You were still praised.” People in the city built a temple in the eastern suburbs to worship him. The year after Li Ren and Huang An, Geng Dingxiang passed away, and the ancestral hall was built shortly thereafter. After Geng Dingzhi became an official, he once built the Dehui Temple for the county magistrate outside the Xuegong. Should be Zhejiang XianjuJuren, the first year of Wanli (1573) was changed from Luo Shanyin to Huang An. “When I first came to think about the sufferings of the people, I pioneered the method of whipping, saving all funds, and my style was so awe-inspiring that the rich and powerful people of the right family did not dare to use Zhi Tong.” The person in charge built a temple for the sages, and then the sages later built temples for them. This is It is indeed a legend in the world. In this way, the light is passed down from generation to generation, so that the elegance does not fade and the cultural context continues.
Geng Gong’s bamboo slips are dedicated to Geng’s disciple JM Escorts. “On the left, there are Ruo Lingui Ling Jiao Boxian Duan, Jiangning Guangwen Hua Zhenji, Ming Jing Yin Defu, Wang Yidao, Zhan Mengren, Yang Daonan Xiaochun, Zuo Chunfang Hall wrote Jiao Yiyuan Hong, Qian Xianguan Deng Zhidao, Wu Boheng, the Shao Si Kou, was rehabilitated and served as minister Zou Ruguang Depu, Fang Sishanyang, the governor of Hangzhou, and Zhongtai Gong, the eighth division commander. Among the twelve people listed on the right are Ruoding Feng Weng Weiyin, Xin Yeling Li Shilong, Jinshi Li Weiming, and others. Wang Deru, Li Shizhi, Chen Guilin Yingfang in academic records, Li Hanfeng and Pan Chaoyan in Ming Dynasty, Shen Jundianmao Xuedian in Xueshidian, Huang Shoufen Qishi in charge of the Ministry of Personnel, Shang Baoqing Pan Quhua Shizao, and Shao Sima Geng Dingli, all ten Three people. Taken together, there are twenty-five people.” (“Teaching Twenty-Five Sons”, recorded in Kangxi County Chronicles, the number of people is different, and there is suspected to be a missing article) In fact, Geng Dingxiang’s disciples are all over the country, especially in the southeast. Many, only a few of them are listed here.
The Geng Gong Jian Temple is not only a place where Geng Dingxiang is worshiped, and sacrifices are made every year; it is also a place where talented people in the city pay attention to knowledge. “Everyone came to his hall and entered his room, saw his appearance, his clothes, and his ritual utensils. I took him as my teacher. Shuo saw that there were many people gathered together to give lectures.” (After the man refused to accept the gift, in order to prevent him from being cunning, she asked him to People went to investigate that guy. (Xue Shi Wang Faxiang’s “Preface to the Geng Gong Temple Meeting”) Jamaica Sugar Daddy At the beginning of the Shunzhi period in the Qing Dynasty, Geng Zhizhi was Sun Yingchang (given the courtesy name Gongfu, also known as Congtai, and had been in charge of the official household department) once again advocated the ritual of giving lectures. Cao Benrong, a Huanggang native and a famous Neo-Confucian scholar in the early Qing Dynasty, wrote an article to express its meaning.
The ancestral hall should still be there at that time. Since there is already a memorial temple, why build another libraryJamaicans Sugardaddy? Can they be two people in one place? Questionable.
It can be seen from the above facts that the Jamaica Sugar changes in Yezhi is divided into two stages: the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Ming Dynasty flourished in the Qing Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty was divided into Jiajing, Longqing and Wanli years.Time is flourishing, which is exactly when folk lectures are flourishing. After Zhang Juzheng became the chief minister of the cabinet, he vigorously pursued the “new law”. In order to reduce constraints and clear up public opinion, he forcibly banned lectures and destroyed academies. Since then, the style of lectures has gradually declined. By the Qing Dynasty, the Manchus controlled the internal affairs from the outside, and used the few to control the masses. Fearing that people would be dissatisfied, they severely punished folk lectures. As a result, during the Qing Dynasty, folk academies no longer flourished.
In Huang Anjing JM Escorts, in addition to the above-mentioned academy, other study institutions There are several other places to learn. The earliest known one is ChengJamaica Sugar Township Primary School, in the hometown of “Er Cheng” in the west of Yiyi. It was about ancient social studies. According to the words of the first person in the city, it was established before the county was established. Since the city was prosperous and the primary school was abandoned, the foundation site has not been established for a long time. Wanjin Garden is more than ten miles northeast of the city, where Wu Hua and his son Wu Guanglong (official of Lujiang Order) retired to study. Lize Bookstore picks up everything for Wu. Wu Cai, a native of Zhongheli, probably lived in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. He was knowledgeable and memorized, and was good at calligraphy. He once served as the instructor of Songzi and the instructor of Tongshan, and was promoted to join the army in Chengdu, Sichuan. However, he did not go because he was a Taoist, so he returned with his crown and lived in Luli. He wrote “Tongkao of the Five Classics”. Zhou Sijiu, a famous jute scholar, named his residence Lize Bookstore. The Ming Church is located at the southern foot of Wuyun Mountain, 20 miles south of the city. The date of its existence is unknown. Later generations incorrectly called it Mingjing Hall and Mingjing Hall. At the age of Renyin, I went to the south of the city to inspect the ruins of Shuanguanzui and Ming Church. Unfortunately, there was no foundation but only the name of it.
The lecture halls of various academies in Anyi also fell down one after another, or disappeared in the gaps between high-rise buildings, or disappeared among the desolate smoke and overgrown grass, with only broken stones remaining. The ruined monument is evocative.
Editor: Jin Fu